Corpora - Revision history

Jorge.Baptista at 15:04, 30 January 2024

2024-01-30T15:04:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:04, 30 January 2024
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	Baptista, J., Pereira, J., Mamede, N. ZAC: ([[media~~:https://string.hlt.inesc-id.pt/wiki/File~~:Baptista-et-al_2016_ZAC-corpus.pdf\|Zero Anaphora Corpus - A Corpus for Zero Anaphora Resolution in Portuguese]]), in Proceedings of Workshop on Corpora and Tools for Processing Corpora, PROPOR 2016, July 13, 2016, Tomar, Portugal.		Baptista, J., Pereira, J., Mamede, N. ZAC: ([[media:Baptista-et-al_2016_ZAC-corpus.pdf\|Zero Anaphora Corpus - A Corpus for Zero Anaphora Resolution in Portuguese]]), in Proceedings of Workshop on Corpora and Tools for Processing Corpora, PROPOR 2016, July 13, 2016, Tomar, Portugal.

	Pereira, S.: Linguistics Parameters for Zero Anaphora Resolution. Master’s thesis, Univ. Algarve/Univ. Wolverhampton, Faro and Wolverhampton (2010)		Pereira, S.: Linguistics Parameters for Zero Anaphora Resolution. Master’s thesis, Univ. Algarve/Univ. Wolverhampton, Faro and Wolverhampton (2010)

Jorge.Baptista: /* Zero Anaphora Corpus (ZAC) */

2024-01-30T12:01:50Z

Zero Anaphora Corpus (ZAC)

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:01, 30 January 2024
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	The Zero Anaphora Corpus an be download below:		The Zero Anaphora Corpus can be download below:

	([[media:ZAC_Corpus_v2.txt\|ZAC_Corpus_v2.txt]])		([[media:ZAC_Corpus_v2.txt\|ZAC_Corpus_v2.txt]])

	Zero Anaphora Corpus (ZAC) © 2009 by Simone Pereira, Jorge Baptista and Nuno Mamede is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International		Zero Anaphora Corpus (ZAC) © 2009 by Simone Pereira, Jorge Baptista and Nuno Mamede is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International

	=== Vocative Corpus ===		=== Vocative Corpus ===

Jorge.Baptista: /* Vocative Corpus */

2024-01-30T09:27:16Z

Vocative Corpus

@@ Line 212: / Line 212: @@
 === Vocative Corpus  ===
 The Vocative Corpus an be download below:
 ([[media:Vocative.txt|vocative.txt]])

Jorge.Baptista at 08:48, 30 January 2024

2024-01-30T08:48:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:48, 30 January 2024
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	Baptista, J., Pereira, J., Mamede, N. ZAC: Zero Anaphora Corpus - A Corpus for Zero Anaphora Resolution in Portuguese, in Proceedings of Workshop on Corpora and Tools for Processing Corpora, PROPOR 2016, July 13, 2016, Tomar, Portugal. ~~([[media:https://string.hlt.inesc-id.pt/wiki/File:Baptista-et-al_2016_ZAC-corpus.pdf]])~~		Baptista, J., Pereira, J., Mamede, N. ZAC: ([[media:https://string.hlt.inesc-id.pt/wiki/File:Baptista-et-al_2016_ZAC-corpus.pdf\|Zero Anaphora Corpus - A Corpus for Zero Anaphora Resolution in Portuguese]]), in Proceedings of Workshop on Corpora and Tools for Processing Corpora, PROPOR 2016, July 13, 2016, Tomar, Portugal.

	Pereira, S.: Linguistics Parameters for Zero Anaphora Resolution. Master’s thesis, Univ. Algarve/Univ. Wolverhampton, Faro and Wolverhampton (2010)		Pereira, S.: Linguistics Parameters for Zero Anaphora Resolution. Master’s thesis, Univ. Algarve/Univ. Wolverhampton, Faro and Wolverhampton (2010)

Jorge.Baptista at 08:47, 30 January 2024

2024-01-30T08:47:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:47, 30 January 2024
Line 194:		Line 194:


	Baptista, J., Pereira, J., Mamede, N. ZAC: Zero Anaphora Corpus - A Corpus for Zero Anaphora Resolution in Portuguese, in Proceedings of Workshop on Corpora and Tools for Processing Corpora, PROPOR 2016, July 13, 2016, Tomar, Portugal. ([[media:https://string.hlt.inesc-id.pt/ ~~(incomplete)~~]])		Baptista, J., Pereira, J., Mamede, N. ZAC: Zero Anaphora Corpus - A Corpus for Zero Anaphora Resolution in Portuguese, in Proceedings of Workshop on Corpora and Tools for Processing Corpora, PROPOR 2016, July 13, 2016, Tomar, Portugal. ([[media:https://string.hlt.inesc-id.pt/wiki/File:Baptista-et-al_2016_ZAC-corpus.pdf]])

	Pereira, S.: Linguistics Parameters for Zero Anaphora Resolution. Master’s thesis, Univ. Algarve/Univ. Wolverhampton, Faro and Wolverhampton (2010)		Pereira, S.: Linguistics Parameters for Zero Anaphora Resolution. Master’s thesis, Univ. Algarve/Univ. Wolverhampton, Faro and Wolverhampton (2010)

Jorge.Baptista at 08:43, 30 January 2024

2024-01-30T08:43:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:43, 30 January 2024
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	Baptista, J., Pereira, J., Mamede, N. ZAC: Zero Anaphora Corpus - A Corpus for Zero Anaphora Resolution in Portuguese, in Proceedings of Workshop on Corpora and Tools for Processing Corpora, PROPOR 2016, July 13, 2016, Tomar, Portugal. ([[media:]])		Baptista, J., Pereira, J., Mamede, N. ZAC: Zero Anaphora Corpus - A Corpus for Zero Anaphora Resolution in Portuguese, in Proceedings of Workshop on Corpora and Tools for Processing Corpora, PROPOR 2016, July 13, 2016, Tomar, Portugal. ([[media:https://string.hlt.inesc-id.pt/ (incomplete)]])

	Pereira, S.: Linguistics Parameters for Zero Anaphora Resolution. Master’s thesis, Univ. Algarve/Univ. Wolverhampton, Faro and Wolverhampton (2010)		Pereira, S.: Linguistics Parameters for Zero Anaphora Resolution. Master’s thesis, Univ. Algarve/Univ. Wolverhampton, Faro and Wolverhampton (2010)

Jorge.Baptista at 08:41, 30 January 2024

2024-01-30T08:41:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:41, 30 January 2024
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	<div style="float:right;">__TOC__</div>		<div style="float:right;">__TOC__</div>

	ZAC - Zero Anaphora Corpus is a corpus of Brazilian Portuguese texts built in view of the construction of an Anaphora Resolution system, which is part of the STRING system. The ZAC corpus is aimed at the resolution of the so-called zero-anaphora, that is, an anaphora relation where the anaphoric expression (or anaphor) has been zeroed.		ZAC - Zero Anaphora Corpus is a corpus of Brazilian Portuguese texts built in view of the construction of an Anaphora Resolution system, which is part of the STRING system. The ZAC corpus is aimed at the resolution of the so-called zero-anaphora, that is an anaphora relation where the anaphoric expression (or anaphor) has been zeroed.

	In the following, we briefly present the main linguistic aspects involved in the process of annotating zero anaphora.		In the following, we briefly present the main linguistic aspects involved in the process of annotating zero anaphora.

	The Zero Anaphora Corpus (ZAC) consists on a set of full and partial texts retrieved from the web, or ~~digitalised~~ from books, encompassing several genres and text types, namely journalistic and literary text from contemporary Brazilian Portuguese native-speaking authors, ~~totalling~~ 35,212 words.		The Zero Anaphora Corpus (ZAC) consists on a set of full and partial texts retrieved from the web, or digitalized from books, encompassing several genres and text types, namely journalistic and literary text from contemporary Brazilian Portuguese native-speaking authors, totaling 35,212 words.

	<blockquote>		<blockquote>
Line 194:		Line 194:


	Baptista, J., Pereira, J., Mamede, N. ZAC: Zero Anaphora Corpus - A Corpus for Zero Anaphora Resolution in Portuguese, in Proceedings of Workshop on Corpora and Tools for Processing Corpora, PROPOR 2016, July 13, 2016, Tomar, Portugal.		Baptista, J., Pereira, J., Mamede, N. ZAC: Zero Anaphora Corpus - A Corpus for Zero Anaphora Resolution in Portuguese, in Proceedings of Workshop on Corpora and Tools for Processing Corpora, PROPOR 2016, July 13, 2016, Tomar, Portugal. ([[media:]])

	Pereira, S.: Linguistics Parameters for Zero Anaphora Resolution. Master’s thesis, Univ. Algarve/Univ. Wolverhampton, Faro and Wolverhampton (2010)		Pereira, S.: Linguistics Parameters for Zero Anaphora Resolution. Master’s thesis, Univ. Algarve/Univ. Wolverhampton, Faro and Wolverhampton (2010)
Line 208:		Line 208:

	([[media:ZAC_Corpus_v2.txt\|ZAC_Corpus_v2.txt]])		([[media:ZAC_Corpus_v2.txt\|ZAC_Corpus_v2.txt]])

			Zero Anaphora Corpus (ZAC) © 2009 by Simone Pereira, Jorge Baptista and Nuno Mamede is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International

	=== Vocative Corpus ===		=== Vocative Corpus ===

Eugenio: Created page with "=== Zero Anaphora Corpus (ZAC) ===
TOC
ZAC - Zero Anaphora Corpus is a corpus of Brazilian Portuguese texts built in view of the construction of an Anaphora Resolution system, which is part of the STRING system. The ZAC corpus is aimed at the resolution of the so-called zero-anaphora, that is, an anaphora relation where the anaphoric expression (or anaphor) has been zeroed. In the following, we briefly present the main linguistic asp..."

2024-01-10T14:12:55Z

Created page with "=== Zero Anaphora Corpus (ZAC) === <div style="float:right;">__TOC__</div> ZAC - Zero Anaphora Corpus is a corpus of Brazilian Portuguese texts built in view of the construction of an Anaphora Resolution system, which is part of the STRING system. The ZAC corpus is aimed at the resolution of the so-called zero-anaphora, that is, an anaphora relation where the anaphoric expression (or anaphor) has been zeroed. In the following, we briefly present the main linguistic asp..."

New page

=== Zero Anaphora Corpus (ZAC) ===
<div style="float:right;">__TOC__</div>

ZAC - Zero Anaphora Corpus is a corpus of Brazilian Portuguese texts built in view of the construction of an Anaphora Resolution system, which is part of the STRING system. The ZAC corpus is aimed at the resolution of the so-called zero-anaphora, that is, an anaphora relation where the anaphoric expression (or anaphor) has been zeroed.

In the following, we briefly present the main linguistic aspects involved in the process of annotating zero anaphora.

The Zero Anaphora Corpus (ZAC) consists on a set of full and partial texts retrieved from the web, or digitalised from books, encompassing several genres and text types, namely journalistic and literary text from contemporary Brazilian Portuguese native-speaking authors, totalling 35,212 words.

<blockquote>
{| style="border-collapse: collapse; text-align: left;" cellpadding="5" class="wikitable"
|+Table 1. Breakdown of the contents of the ZAC corpus per text type (words/percentage).
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | Text type
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | Words
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | %
|-
| style="text-align: left; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | Special Report
| style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 15,791
| style="text-align: left; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 44.88
|-
| style="text-align: left; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | News
| style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 1,769
| style="text-align: left; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 5.02
|-
| style="text-align: left; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | Chronicle
| style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 8,385
| style="text-align: left; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 23.81
|-
| style="text-align: left; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | Fiction (short stories)
| style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 3,227
| style="text-align: left; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 9.17
|-
| style="text-align: left; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | Fiction (novel)
| style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 6,040
| style="text-align: left; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 17.15
|-
| style="text-align: left; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | Total
| style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 35,212
| style="text-align: left; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" |
|-
|}
</blockquote>

The corpus was jointly annotated by two linguists, who revised and discussed each other’s work, so that each annotation one of them encoded was always checked by the other annotator. A set of guidelines (Pereira and Baptista 2009) have been produced to help provide consistency to the annotation process. Please refer to Baptista et al. (2016) and Pereira (2009, 2010) for further details.

The annotation of zero anaphora consisted, basically, in inserting a tag for the zero anaphor with the form ‘[0=<x]’ in the empty slot of the zeroed constituent, linking it to its immediate antecedent (x) and determining whether it appeared before ‘<’ (anaphora proper) or after ‘>’ the anaphor (cataphora). Inter-sentential anaphora is marked with double arrows ‘<<’ and ‘>>’, irrespective of the number of intervening sentences.

<pre style="color:blue">
O mundo científico ficou ainda mais complexo [...] quando os pesquisadores
passaram a se dedicar a [0=<pesquisadores] entender a função de cada um
dos genes e, o supremo desafio, [0=<pesquisadores] explicar as razões pelas
quais eles às vezes exercem suas funções e outras [0=<eles] parecem hibernar
preguiçosamente nos cromossomas [...].

Romain Rolland descreve a primeira experiência com a amizade do seu herói adolescente.
[0=<<Romain Rolland] Já conhecera muitas pessoas nos curtos anos de sua vida.
Mas o que [0=<<Romain Rolland] experimentava naquele momento era diferente
de tudo o que já [0=<<Romain Roland] sentira antes.
O encontro acontecera de repente, mas [0=?] era como se [0=3p] já tivessem
sido amigos a vida inteira.

A cor dos olhos, a tendência para [0=indef] engordar [...] são características
definidas [...] pelas bases químicas dos genes.

"[0=impers] Há uma perigosa tendência a [0=indef] fazer correlações entre
etnia, crime e predisposição genética", alerta Pamela Sankar [...]

As descobertas são impressionantes. [0=1p] Conseguimos informações
preciosas sobre os genes, [...]. Mas ainda não [0=1p] temos conhecimento
científico suficiente para [0=1p] saber o que fazer com todas essas informações".

[0=3p] Começaram a empurrar o veículo de volta para casa, [0=3p] bufando
e [0=3p] praguejando.
</pre>

So far, only zeroed subjects have been annotated. The annotation considers the special cases of zero indefinite subjects [0=indef] and impersonal subjects [0=impers]. In the case of first-person-plural and third-person-plural indefinite subjects, which are formally indistinguishable from zeroed constituents, the special notations [0=1p] and [0=3p] were used.

Tables 2 and 3 show the breakdown of the type of anaphors annotated in the corpus.

<blockquote>
{| style="border-collapse: collapse; text-align: left;" cellpadding="5" class="wikitable"
|+Table 2. Breakdown of zero anaphora types in the ZAC corpus
! style="text-align: left; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | Text type
! style="text-align: left; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | zero
! style="text-align: left; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | indef
! style="text-align: left; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | impers
! style="text-align: left; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 1p
! style="text-align: left; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 3p
! style="text-align: left; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | Total
|-
| style="text-align: left; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | Special Report
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 371
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 81
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 42
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 41
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 3
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 538
|-
| style="text-align: left; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | News
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 40
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 8
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 4
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 0
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 0
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 52
|-
| style="text-align: left; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | Chronicle
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 286
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 41
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 17
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 43
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 8
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 395
|-
| style="text-align: left; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | Fiction (short stories)
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 110
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 4
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 11
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 5
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 16
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 146
|-
| style="text-align: left; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | Fiction (novel)
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 281
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 7
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 26
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 19
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 25
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 358
|-
| style="text-align: left; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | Total
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 1,088
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 141
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 100
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 108
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 52
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 1,489
|-
|}
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
{| style="border-collapse: collapse; text-align: left;" cellpadding="5" class="wikitable"
|+Table 3. Distribution anaphora/cataphora and intra-/inter-sentential anaphora types in the ZAC corpus
! style="text-align: left; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | Text type
! style="text-align: left; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | <
! style="text-align: left; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | <<
! style="text-align: left; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | >
! style="text-align: left; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | >>
|-
| style="text-align: left; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | Special Report
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 275
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 74
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 20
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 0
|-
| style="text-align: left; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | News
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 34
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 2
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 4
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 0
|-
| style="text-align: left; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | Chronicle
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 156
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 115
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 5
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 2
|-
| style="text-align: left; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | Fiction (short stories)
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 44
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 65
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 4
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 0
|-
| style="text-align: left; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | Fiction (novel)
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 171
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 99
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 8
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 0
|-
| style="text-align: left; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | Total
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 680
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 355
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 41
! style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" | 2
|-
|}
</blockquote>

The anaphora type corresponds to 1,035 instances (96%) against 43 cases of cataphora (4%). The intra-sentential type constitutes 721 instances (66.9%) while the 357 inter-sentential cases represent 33.1%.

References

Baptista, J., Pereira, J., Mamede, N. ZAC: Zero Anaphora Corpus - A Corpus for Zero Anaphora Resolution in Portuguese, in Proceedings of Workshop on Corpora and Tools for Processing Corpora, PROPOR 2016, July 13, 2016, Tomar, Portugal.

Pereira, S.: Linguistics Parameters for Zero Anaphora Resolution. Master’s thesis, Univ. Algarve/Univ. Wolverhampton, Faro and Wolverhampton (2010)

Pereira, S., Baptista, J.: Zero anaphora corpus annotation guidelines. Technical
report, L2F - Spoken Language Laboratory, INESC-ID Lisboa, Lisboa (2009)

Pereira, S.: ZAC.PB: An annotated corpus for zero anaphora resolution in Portuguese. In: Student Research Workshop in conjunction with RANLP-09, Borovets,
Bulgaria (2009) 53–59

The Zero Anaphora Corpus an be download below:

([[media:ZAC_Corpus_v2.txt|ZAC_Corpus_v2.txt]])

=== Vocative Corpus ===

The Vocative Corpus an be download below:

([[media:Vocative.txt|vocative.txt]])